COURSES

BIOL 1030 - Exploring Life
4 credit hours
Corequisite: BIOL 1031 - Exploring Life Lab.
Designed for non-majors. Offers understanding, experiences, and skills related to common biological issues. Includes class discussions, small group activities, lectures, selected readings, and laboratory investigations.  Students earning an A in BIOL 1030/1031 and wishing to declare a major or minor in Biology may substitute 1030/1031 for 1110/1111 towards meeting the requirements for the major of minor.  Three hours lecture and one two-hour laboratory. 

BIOL 1110 - General Biology
4 credit hours
Corequisite: BIOL 1111 - General Biology Lab.
Primarily for Biology majors and minors and other science-oriented students. Biological principles and processes, including introduction to the nature of science, cells (structure, function, metabolism, division), genetics, evolution, viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory. While BIOL 1110 can be used to fulfill half the 8-hour General Education requirement for Natural Sciences, it is the first semester of a two-semester sequence primarily designed for science majors.

BIOL 1120 - General Biology
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 .
Corequisite: BIOL 1121 - General Biology Lab.
Primarily for Biology majors and minors and other science-oriented students. Survey of plants and animals emphasizing evolution, structure, function, reproduction, growth, and ecology. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 2000 - Orientation to the Medical Lab
2 credit hours
Corequisite: BIOL 2001 - Orientation to the Medical Lab Field Experience Lab.
Open to anyone in medical and allied medical careers, but may not be taken as part of Biology major. Survey of medical lab careers, curricula, and affiliated laboratory programs; experience in medical laboratory testing procedures. One hour lecture and one two-hour laboratory.

BIOL 2010 - Human Anatomy and Physiology I
4 credit hours
Completion of BIOL 1030 and BIOL 1031 or a grade of C or better in high school chemistry and biology within the last five years is strongly recommended.
Corequisite: BIOL 2011 - Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lab.
Meets requirements for many pre-health professional programs including nursing. Structure and function of the cell, integumentary, skeletal, muscle, and nervous systems. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 2020 - Human Anatomy and Physiology II
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: C or better in BIOL 2010 /BIOL 2011.
Corequisite: BIOL 2021 - Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab.
Meets requirements for many pre-health professional programs including nursing. Structure and function of endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems. Biology majors passing both 2010/2011 and 2020/2021 with a C or better may substitute both courses for BIOL 3020.  However, this substitution is not recommended for pre-med students and does not count for upper division hours. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 2030 - Anatomy and Physiology
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1030 /BIOL 1031 or BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111.
Corequisite: BIOL 2031 - Anatomy and Physiology Lab.
General structure and physiological activities of human systems. Two hours lecture and one two-hour laboratory.

BIOL 2230 - Microbiology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 or BIOL 2010 /BIOL 2011 , BIOL 2020 /BIOL 2021 ; background in general chemistry strongly recommended.
Corequisite: BIOL 2231 - Microbiology Lab.
Morphology, physiology, isolation, and cultivation of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Three hours lecture and one two-hour laboratory.

BIOL 3000 - Life Science for Elementary Teachers
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: 8 hours of science including BIOL 1030 /BIOL 1031 or equivalent.
A process-oriented approach to the study of life with emphasis on execution and analysis of activities and experiments suited to the elementary school classroom.
Six hours lecture and laboratory. (May not be used for Biology majors or minors.)

BIOL 3010 - Embryology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 3011 - Embryology Lab.
Early development of the frog, chick, pig, and human. Living material, whole mounts, and serial sections are used for studying cleavage, germ layer formation, histogenesis, and organogenesis. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 3020 - Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 3021 - Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates Lab.
Vertebrate morphology and the development and function of systems and organs. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 3030 - Non-Flowering Plants
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Structure, physiology, methods of reproduction, and classification of the algae, fungi, liverworts, mosses, and ferns. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 3040 - Entomology
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Morphology, classification, evolution, life histories, and economic importance of insects. Five hours of lecture and laboratory.

BIOL 3050 - Parasitology
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 3051 - Parasitology Lab.
Life histories, host-parasite relationships, and control measures of the more common parasites of humans and domesticated animals. Two hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 3070 - Biology Seminar on Environmental Problems
3 credit hours
Causes, effects, and solutions of environmental problems. Three hours per week.

BIOL 3100 - History and Philosophy of Biology
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Historical development of biology; the philosophy, ideas, and contributions of outstanding biologists. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 3160 - Social Issues and Genetic Technology
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1030 /BIOL 1031 or BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 and BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Exploration of genetic principles related to contemporary issues. Provides students with the background needed to evaluate topics such as the release of genetically engineered plants and animals, the use of DNA fingerprinting techniques, the relationship between race and IQ, and others which impact their lives. Impact of genetics on society as well as society's influence on the science will be explored. Role of genetics in medicine and agriculture also emphasized. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 3200 - Internship in Biology
2 to 4 credit hours
Prerequisite: Permission of department. Practical experience for students in a professional setting.

BIOL 3210 - Environmental Microbiology
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231.
Corequisite: BIOL 3211 - Environmental Microbiology Lab.
Deals with microorganisms commonly found in air, water, and soil. Two hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 3220 - Environmental Regulations and Compliance
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111, BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
An in-depth review and application of governmentally established regulations concerning environmental quality. Emphasis on major federal acts. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 3230 - Introduction to Biological Literature
2 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111, BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Application of methods of literature research in the biological sciences and techniques of scientific presentation and writing. Two hours lecture.

BIOL 3240 - Introduction to Evolution
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 and BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 or BIOL 1030 /BIOL 1031.
Scientific principles and concepts formulating the biological theory of evolution. Includes historical development of modern theory; Darwin's natural selection theory; and problems in speciation, systematics, and geographical distribution of species. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 3250 - Genetics
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 3251 - Genetics Lab.
An introductory course in genetics. Surveys and explores the sub-disciplines of genetics, including classical, molecular, and evolutionary genetics. Emphasis on the experiments, techniques, and theories forming the foundation of modern genetic research and its applications. Three hours lecture and one two-hour laboratory.

BIOL 3340 - Pathophysiology
3 credit hours
(Same as NURS 3010)
Prerequisites: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231 , BIOL 2010 /BIOL 2011 , BIOL 2020 /BIOL 2021.
Basic mechanisms of disease processes and their role in disrupting normal physiology. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 3350 - Principles of Radiation in Medicine
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: PHYS 2010 /PHYS 2011 and PHYS 2020 /PHYS 2021.
Basic concepts and theories of radiation physics. Detailed analysis of the structure of matter, properties of radiation, nuclear transformations, x-ray production, and interactions of ionizing radiation emphasized. Treatment units used in external radiation therapy, measurement and quality of ionizing radiation produced, absorbed dose measurement, dose distribution, and scatter analysis presented.

BIOL 3400 - General Ecology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 ; CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111.
Corequisite: BIOL 3401 - General Ecology Lab.
Basic concepts of the ecosystem and community aquatic and terrestrial habitats and population ecology; complemented by field and laboratory activities. Three hours lecture and one-three hour laboratory.

BIOL 3500 - Evolution
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251.
Evolutionary biology for majors. Topics include history of evolutionary thinking, mechanisms of evolution, basic quantitative and population genetics, life-history theory, evolution of sex, correlated responses to selection, speciation, macroevolution, molecular evolution, fossil record and geologic time scale, phylogenic inference, and the emergence of life. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 3890 - Biology Instruction Internship
1 credit hour
Prerequisites: Successful completion of target courses and permission of instructor.
A course to refine thinking, communication, and interpersonal skills through exposure to on-the-spot technical questions and a laboratory teaching experience as an assistant in a biology laboratory. Credits will not count toward a major or minor in Biology. May be repeated for up to three credits.

BIOL 4060 - Dendrology
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Woody plants with emphasis on important timber trees of North America. Five hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4070 - Economic Botany
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Useful plants which have shaped civilization. Topics include origin of agriculture, fruits and nuts, grains and legumes, vegetables, spices and herbs, oils and waxes, medicinal plants, psychoactive plants. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 4080 - Mycology
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 4081 - Mycology Lab.
Emphasizes taxonomy, morphology, and culture of fungi and their importance to humans. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4110 - General Physiology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 ; CHEM 2030 /CHEM 2031 or CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011.
Corequisite: BIOL 4111 - General Physiology Lab.
Physiological and chemical properties of life processes in animals using an organ systems approach. Emphasis on mammalian physiology. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4120 - Flowering Plants
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Structure and classification of seed plants; a survey of local flora. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4130 - Histology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 ; CHEM 2030 /CHEM 2031 or CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011.
Corequisite: BIOL 4131 - Histology Lab.
Microscopic anatomy of vertebrate cells, tissues, and organs. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4140 - Invertebrate Zoology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 4141 - Invertebrate Zoology Lab.
Morphology, classification, evolution, life histories, and economic importance of invertebrate phyla. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4150 - Radiation Biology
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: PHYS 2010 /PHYS 2011 and PHYS 2020 /PHYS 2021.
Types and properties of ionizing radiation, isotopes and tracer study techniques, and the biological effects of ionizing radiations on living things.

BIOL 4170 - Endocrinology
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 , BIOL 4110 /BIOL 4111 or BIOL 2020 /BIOL 2021 ; CHEM 2030 /CHEM 2031 or CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011.
Study of hormones and other chemical messengers including synthesis, secretion, transport, receptors, cellular, and physiological activity. Focus on humans and other vertebrates. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 4180 - Vertebrate Zoology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 4181 - Vertebrate Zoology Lab.
Structure, life history, and classification of fish, amphibians, and mammals. Local representatives emphasized. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4200 - Seminar
2 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231 , BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 , BIOL 3400 /BIOL 3401 , and BIOL 3500.
Readings and discussions from scientific literature on a particular theme that will incorporate and integrate cellular biology and energetics; genetics and molecular biology; organismal biology of plants, animals, and microbes; evolution; and ecology. Majors are advised to take this course during the semester of graduation. Two hours lecture.

BIOL 4210 - Cell and Molecular Biology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231, BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251;CHEM 2030 /CHEM 2031 or CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011
Corequisite: BIOL 4211 - Cell and Molecular Biology Lab.
Cellular morphology and function. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4220 - Ichthyology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 4221 - Ichthyology Lab.
The morphology, physiology, taxonomy, and ecology of fishes. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4250 - Limnology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 ; CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111.
Corequisite: BIOL 4251 - Limnology Lab.
Biological, chemical, and physical aspects of lakes and streams. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4260 - Nature Study
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Identification of local plants and animals and a consideration of the ecological principles governing them. Four hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4270 - Transmitting Electron Microscopy
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: Permission of department.
Tissue fixation, dehydration, embedding, and thin sectioning for examination and development of micrographs using a Zeiss electron microscope. Seven hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4290 - Scanning Electron Microscopy
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: Permission of department.
Preparation of biological and non-biological materials for examination and development of micrographs using an ISI electron microscope. Seven hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4300 - Immunology
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231.
Corequisite: BIOL 4301 - Immunology Lab.
Humoral and cellular mechanisms of immunity. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4320 - Seminar: Advancements in Biology
2 credit hours
Prerequisite: Senior standing.
A broad overview of biological principles and recent research developments. Two hours lecture.

BIOL 4330 - Biome Analysis
1 to 4 credit hours
Prerequisite: Permission of department and junior or senior standing.
An intensive classroom and on-site study of a specific biome. Special emphasis on data collection and analysis. Consult the department chair for specific credits and costs.

BIOL 4331 - Biome Analysis Cedar Glade
1 to 4 credit hours
Prerequisite: Permission of department and junior or senior standing.
An intensive classroom and on-site study of a specific biome. Special emphasis on data collection and analysis. Consult the department chair for specific credits and costs.

BIOL 4332 - Biome Analysis Marine
1 to 4 credit hours
Prerequisite: Permission of department and junior or senior standing.
An intensive classroom and on-site study of a specific biome. Special emphasis on data collection and analysis. Consult the department chair for specific credits and costs.

BIOL 4333 - Biome Analysis Desert
1 to 4 credit hours
Prerequisites: Permission of department and junior or senior standing.
An intensive classroom and on-site study of a specific biome. Special emphasis on data collection and analysis. Consult the department chair for specific credits and costs.

BIOL 4350 - Biometry
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 and MATH 1910.
Corequisite: BIOL 4351 - Biometry Lab.
Statistical methods utilized in biological research. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4360 - Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
1 credit hour
Prerequisite: BIOL 4290.
Elemental analysis of materials using an energy dispersive x-ray system with scanning electron microscopy.
Three hours laboratory.

BIOL 4390 - Ethology
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111.
Corequisite: BIOL 4391 - Ethology Lab.
Innate and learned animal behavior in primitive and advanced animals including behavior associated with space, reproduction, and food getting. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4400 - Medical Botany
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Plants affecting human health. Included are poisonous and psychoactive as well as remedial plants; both ethnobotanical and modern medicinal uses treated. Three hours lecture.

BIOL 4430 - Diagnostic Microbiology
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231.
Microorganisms that cause disease in humans and other animals, their isolation and identification, mechanisms of disease causation, and methods of control. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4440 - General Virology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231 ; CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111 , CHEM 1120 /CHEM 1121.
Viruses, with emphasis on their clinical importance and impact on biotechnology. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4450 - Molecular Genetics
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231 , BIOL 3250/BIOL 3251; CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111 , CHEM 1120 /CHEM 1121 Basic techniques of microbial genetics and gene manipulation with emphasis on the application of molecular genetics in basic and applied research. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4460 - Human Genetics
3 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251.
Corequisite: BIOL 4461 - Human Genetics Lab.
Application of the fundamental laws of inheritance to humans. Two hours lecture and one two-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4500 - Plant Physiology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 ; CHEM 2030 /CHEM 2031 or CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011.
Plant growth, development, and metabolism at the cellular and whole plant levels. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory.

BIOL 4510 - Food and Industrial Microbiology
4 credit hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231.
Interaction between microorganisms and food; industrial processes of importance to humans. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4520 - Plant Anatomy and Development
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Explores plant cells, tissues, and organs from seed to fruit. Covers organization of cells and tissues and the dynamic nature of these structures, and whenever appropriate, molecular mechanisms responsible for their development and nature. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4540 - Topics in Environmental Education
1 to 4 credit hours
Prerequisites: Junior standing or above and permission of department.
An intensive classroom and field study of natural science and resources in Tennessee. Special emphasis on data collection, analysis, and problem solving. Target groups are upper-division students in biology and education. Consult the department chair for specific credits and costs. THIS COURSE DOES NOT APPLY TO THE BIOLOGY MAJOR OR MINOR.

BIOL 4550 - Biotechnology
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 , BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231 ,and BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 . Instruction in both theory and application of current research methodologies in biology and molecular biology. Topics include immunochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzyme analysis, and electrophoresis. Five hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4560 - Neurobiology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 4561 - Neurobiology Lab.
Introduces comparative neurobiology. Topics include the basic structure and function of the nerve cell and organization of nervous systems of representative species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4570 - Principles of Toxicology
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 ; CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111 , CHEM 1120 /CHEM 1121 , CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011.
Corequisite: BIOL 4571 - Principles of Toxicology Lab.
Study of adverse effects of chemical agents on living organisms; current toxicological techniques used in the laboratory. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory.

BIOL 4580 - Marine Biology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 , CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111 , and CHEM 1120 /CHEM 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 4581 - Marine Biology Lab.
Introduction to the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of major marine environments and their associated flora and fauna. Three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4590 - Principles of Environmental Toxicology
4 credit hour
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 ; CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111 , CHEM 1120 /CHEM 1121 , CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011.
Ecological effects of chemicals in the environment and techniques currently utilized to assess these effects. Lab includes current environmental assessment techniques, including biomonitoring. Six hours lecture/lab.

BIOL 4700 - Principles of Plant-Animal Interactions
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121.
Corequisite: BIOL 4701 - Principles of Plant-Animal Interaction Lab.
Evolutionary and ecological perspectives on how plants attract and repel organisms that influence their ability to survive and leave progeny. Topics include angiosperm evolution; the coevolution of plants with pollinators, herbivores, mycorrhizae, and N-fixing bacteria; how plant secondary metabolites facilitate or mitigate these interactions. Two hours lecture and three-hour laboratory.

BIOL 4720 - Animal Development
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 , and BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251 ; BIOL 4210 recommended.
Corequisite: BIOL 4721 - Animal Development Lab.
Processes and underlying molecular mechanisms by which a single fertilized egg develops into an adult organism, focusing on vertebrate development, but including insights gained from other model organisms. Three hours lecture and two hours lab.

BIOL 4730 - Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 , and BIOL 2230 /BIOL 2231 ; CHEM 1110 /CHEM 1111 , CHEM 1120 /CHEM 1121 , and CHEM 2030 /CHEM 2031 or CHEM 3010 /CHEM 3011.
Survey of the physiology and biochemistry of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4740 - Research Methods
3 credit hours
(Same as CHEM/PHYS/MATH 4740.)
Prerequisite: YOED 3520.
Provides secondary science and mathematics teacher candidates with the tools that scientists use to solve scientific problems. Students will use these tools in a laboratory setting, communicate findings, and understand how scientists develop new knowledge.

BIOL 4750 - Plant Biotechnology
4 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 , BIOL 3250 /BIOL 3251.
Processes and reasoning behind the human manipulation of plant species for agricultural and technological purposes. Topics include traditional breeding techniques, tissue culture, plant cell transformation, and general plant molecular biology techniques as well as current debate over genetically modified organisms.
Six hours lecture/laboratory.

BIOL 4760 - Introduction to Bioinformatics
3 credit hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 /BIOL 1111 , BIOL 1120 /BIOL 1121 , and CSCI 1170 or consent of instructor.
Application of computer science to biological questions. Specifically applies to the computational aspects of data gathering, processing, storage, analysis, and visualization methods for use in revising and testing biological hypotheses. Students should have a strong background in either computer science or biology, be willing to learn about the other field in an accelerated fashion, and be willing to work cooperatively as part of an interdisciplinary team. Four hours of lecture/problem-solving per week.