Learning is different from attention. But if we are not attending, we aren't learning.

If the information does not get enough attention or if is not deemed necessary for long term memory, it will be encoded in short term memory only and ultimately discarded and reclassified

For learning to learn, students must be in the appropriate state for learning.

This means a student sitting in the back of the room, with his arms folded leaning back in his chair, has little chance of learning. His particular state "this is stupid" prevents learning from occurring..

It alters the chemistry of the brain with the production of dopamine, the feel-good neurotransmitter.

It increases the noradrenaline which provides physical energy. 

Constructive thinking activates the frontal lobes which are most responsible for long-term planning and judgment.