Revised and updated to incorporate suggestions from film instructors and critics nationwide, the fourth edition of this classic text is a thorough introduction to the evolving aesthetics and controversies of nearly a century, from the earliest attempts to define the cinema to the most recent efforts to place film in the context of psychology, sociology, and philosophy. Building upon the wide range of selections and extensive historical coverage that marked the previous editions, 37 essays have been added. The editors have rewritten chapter introductions and revised each section to show the impact of new thinking on the continuing debate over the nature of film reality, the film image, film genre, and the film performer. The sections on genre, the film artist, and the relation of film to the other arts have been greatly expanded. Several essays addressing the issue of film sound have also been included.